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    Vermont

    (VT)

    Vermont gun laws rated moderate. Comprehensive guide to firearms regulations, permits, and restrictions.

    Last updated: December 27, 2025
    Rating
    3/5
    Moderate
    ✓
    Permitless Carry
    10
    Round Limit
    ✓
    No AWB
    3
    Day Wait
    Disclaimer: This information is for general educational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Gun laws change frequently and vary by locality. Always verify current laws with official state sources or a qualified attorney before making decisions about firearms. Last researched: December 2025.

    See also: Federal gun laws that apply in every state. · Video guides for Vermont gun laws →

    Vermont Gun Laws in Plain English

    In Vermont, you can carry a gun without a permit, but buying one is stricter than it used to be. You must pass a background check for every purchase, even from a friend, and wait 72 hours before taking the gun home. You are limited to 10 rounds for rifles and 15 rounds for handguns unless you owned the magazines before 2018. You must be 21 to buy a gun unless you have a hunter safety certificate.

    Critical: Vermont Gun Law Gotchas

    These are the most important things to know that could get you arrested or charged with a crime:

    • #1The federal 1,000-foot Gun-Free School Zone (18 U.S.C. § 922(q)) applies strictly because Vermont does not issue the carry permits required to claim the federal exemption.
    • #2You cannot legally bring magazines holding more than 10 rounds (rifle) or 15 rounds (handgun) into the state if you move here, as the grandfather clause only applies to magazines possessed in Vermont before April 2018 (13 V.S.A. § 4021).
    • #3While you can carry a loaded handgun in your vehicle, carrying a loaded rifle or shotgun in a vehicle is illegal under hunting statutes (10 V.S.A. § 4705).
    • #4The 72-hour waiting period applies to private sales facilitated by a dealer, meaning you and the seller must wait three days after the check initiates to complete the hand-off (13 V.S.A. § 4019a).
    • #5Possession of any unserialized frame or receiver ('ghost gun') is now a crime under 13 V.S.A. § 4026.
    • #6You cannot carry a firearm into a hospital building (13 V.S.A. § 4023).
    • #7If you are 18-20 years old, you cannot buy a gun unless you present a hunter safety course certificate (13 V.S.A. § 4020).
    • #8Giving a gun to a friend without a background check is a crime; only immediate family transfers are exempt (13 V.S.A. § 4019).
    • #9Marijuana use is legal in Vermont but makes you a prohibited person federally; possessing a gun while being a user is a federal felony.
    • #10You must store firearms so that children cannot access them; if a child uses your unsecured gun, you face criminal liability (13 V.S.A. § 4024).

    Read these carefully - they cover common mistakes that lead to felony charges.

    Common Scenarios

    Quick answers to the most frequently asked questions about Vermont gun laws.

    Can I keep a gun in my car?
    Loaded handguns are allowed. Loaded long guns (rifles/shotguns) are prohibited in vehicles.

    10 V.S.A. § 4705

    Can I defend my home?
    Vermont's common law establishes that there is no duty to retreat when attacked in one's own home, but it does not include a statutory presumption of reasonable fear or explicitly extend this protection to vehicles or workplaces.
    Can I stand my ground?
    Vermont does not have a stand your ground law; the common law duty to retreat applies in public places before using deadly force.
    Can I carry without a permit?
    Constitutional Carry. No permit required for residents or non-residents.

    13 V.S.A. § 4003 (by omission of prohibition)

    Can I carry on college campus?
    Generally prohibited by university policy, which carries force of law via trespass statutes.

    University Policy / Trespass Law

    Can I buy a gun online?
    Legal, but must be shipped to a Vermont FFL for the background check and 72-hour wait.

    13 V.S.A. § 4019

    Can I own a suppressor?
    Legal if registered with the ATF under the NFA.

    13 V.S.A. § 4010

    Can I own standard capacity magazines?
    10 rounds for long guns, 15 rounds for handguns. Possession of magazines owned before April 11, 2018 is grandfathered.

    13 V.S.A. § 4021

    Detailed Law Topics

    Comprehensive breakdown of Vermont's firearms regulations by category.

    Carrying & TransportConcealed carry, open carry, vehicle carry, sensitive places

    Does FOPA safe passage apply when traveling through Vermont?

    FOPA applies. However, Vermont has no magazine ban exemption for travelers, so possession of >10/15 round mags is risky unless just passing through under strict FOPA transport (locked/unloaded).

    “Entitled to transport a firearm... from any place where he may lawfully possess and carry... to any other place”
    18 U.S.C. § 926A

    Is open carry legal in Vermont?

    Legal without a permit.

    “No statute prohibits open carry.”
    13 V.S.A. § 4003 (omission)
    Legal

    Can I fly with a firearm from Vermont?

    Standard TSA regulations apply. Locked hard-sided container, declared, unloaded.

    “Carriage of weapons, explosives, and incendiaries by individuals”
    49 CFR § 1540.111

    Can I carry without a permit in Vermont?

    Constitutional Carry. No permit required for residents or non-residents.

    “Vermont law does not prohibit the carrying of firearms.”
    13 V.S.A. § 4003 (by omission of prohibition)
    Constitutional Carry

    How do I get a concealed carry permit in Vermont?

    Vermont does not issue concealed carry permits. It is a Constitutional Carry state.

    “Vermont does not issue permits to residents.”
    N/A - Constitutional Carry

    Can I carry on college campus in Vermont?

    Generally prohibited by university policy, which carries force of law via trespass statutes.

    “Vermont State Colleges policy prohibits firearms.”
    University Policy / Trespass Law

    What are the school zone gun laws in Vermont?

    Federal GFSZA applies. Because Vermont does not issue permits, there is no state permit to exempt residents from the federal 1,000-foot ban.

    “It shall be unlawful for any individual knowingly to possess a firearm... at a place that the individual knows... is a school zone”
    18 U.S.C. § 922(q)

    Can I keep a loaded gun in my car in Vermont?

    Loaded handguns are allowed. Loaded long guns (rifles/shotguns) are prohibited in vehicles.

    “A person shall not take or attempt to take any wild animal... from a vehicle... A person shall not carry or possess while in or on a vehicle... a loaded rifle or shotgun”
    10 V.S.A. § 4705

    Can I carry in national parks in Vermont?

    Allowed, consistent with state law (Constitutional Carry). Buildings are off-limits.

    “Shall not promulgate or enforce any regulation that prohibits an individual from possessing a firearm... if... the possession... is in compliance with the law of the State”
    54 U.S.C. § 104906

    Where can't I carry a gun in Vermont?

    Courthouses, schools, state institutions, and hospitals (enacted 2023).

    “A person shall not possess a dangerous weapon within a courthouse... A person shall not knowingly possess a firearm within a hospital building”
    13 V.S.A. § 4016; 13 V.S.A. § 4023

    How do I transport firearms in Vermont?

    Handguns can be loaded/accessible. Long guns must be unloaded.

    “A person shall not carry... a loaded rifle or shotgun”
    10 V.S.A. § 4705
    Weapons & AccessoriesWhat you can own: rifles, magazines, suppressors, SBRs

    Are short-barreled rifles legal in Vermont?

    Legal if registered with the ATF under the NFA.

    “A person who possesses... a shotgun having a barrel of less than 18 inches... or a rifle having a barrel of less than 16 inches... This section shall not apply to any person who... possesses [it] in compliance with federal law”
    13 V.S.A. § 4003

    Are ghost guns legal in Vermont?

    Unserialized firearms are prohibited. Home-built firearms must be serialized by a federal licensee.

    “A person shall not... possess a firearm... that has not been imprinted with a serial number”
    13 V.S.A. § 4026

    Are suppressors legal in Vermont?

    Legal if registered with the ATF under the NFA.

    “This section shall not apply to... a person who... possesses a suppressor in compliance with federal law”
    13 V.S.A. § 4010

    Does Vermont require firearm serialization?

    All frames and receivers must be serialized.

    “A person shall not... possess a frame or receiver... that has not been imprinted with a serial number”
    13 V.S.A. § 4026
    Required

    Does Vermont require microstamping?

    No microstamping requirement.

    “No requirement found”
    Not Required

    Are muzzle devices legal in Vermont?

    Suppressors are legal if possessed in compliance with federal law (NFA). Flash hiders are legal.

    “A person shall not manufacture, make, or import a suppressor... This section shall not apply to... a person who is licensed... or who possesses a suppressor in compliance with federal law”
    13 V.S.A. § 4010

    What are the assault weapon laws in Vermont?

    Vermont does not ban specific firearms by name or feature, but magazine capacity limits effectively restrict some configurations.

    “No assault weapon ban”

    Does Vermont have a magazine capacity limit?

    10 rounds for long guns, 15 rounds for handguns. Possession of magazines owned before April 11, 2018 is grandfathered.

    “A person shall not... possess a large capacity ammunition feeding device... 'Large capacity ammunition feeding device' means... more than 10 rounds for a long gun... more than 15 rounds for a hand gun”
    13 V.S.A. § 4021
    Challenged

    What are the compliance methods for firearms in Vermont?

    null

    null
    N/A
    Ownership & PossessionRegistration, storage requirements, private transfers

    Does Vermont require firearm registration?

    No state firearm registry.

    “No requirement found”
    Not Required

    Does Vermont require safe storage of firearms?

    Required to take reasonable steps to prevent access by children.

    “A person who stores or keeps a firearm... shall not store or keep the firearm without taking reasonable steps to prevent a child from gaining access”
    13 V.S.A. § 4024

    Does Vermont have red flag laws?

    Vermont has Extreme Risk Protection Orders allowing courts to temporarily seize firearms.

    “Extreme risk protection orders... prohibiting a person from purchasing, possessing, or receiving a dangerous weapon”
    13 V.S.A. § 4051 et seq.

    What do I need to know about bringing guns when moving to Vermont?

    No registration required for new residents. However, large capacity magazines brought into the state after April 2018 are technically prohibited unless they were possessed *in Vermont* before the ban, which is impossible for new residents.

    “No requirement found”

    Do I have to report a stolen gun in Vermont?

    No specific statute mandates reporting theft, though it is recommended.

    “No requirement found”
    Not Required

    How do private firearm transfers work in Vermont?

    Must be facilitated by an FFL with a background check.

    “A person shall not transfer a firearm to another person unless... the transfer is facilitated by a licensed dealer”
    13 V.S.A. § 4019

    Can I lend a firearm to a family member in Vermont?

    Transfers between immediate family members are exempt from the background check requirement.

    “This section shall not apply to... the transfer of a firearm from one immediate family member to another immediate family member”
    13 V.S.A. § 4019(d)

    Does Vermont require firearm insurance?

    No liability insurance requirement.

    “No requirement found”

    What are the child access prevention laws in Vermont?

    Criminal liability applies if a child gains access to an improperly stored firearm and uses it.

    “A person... shall not store or keep the firearm without taking reasonable steps to prevent a child from gaining access”
    13 V.S.A. § 4024
    Eligibility & ProhibitionsWho can and cannot own firearms

    Can marijuana users own firearms in Vermont?

    Federal law prohibits firearm possession by unlawful users of controlled substances. Despite Vermont legalizing recreational marijuana, federal law still classifies it as a controlled substance.

    “Who is an unlawful user of or addicted to any controlled substance”
    18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(3)

    Can non-citizens own firearms in Vermont?

    Federal law applies. Legal permanent residents may own firearms; undocumented immigrants and those on non-immigrant visas (with exceptions) may not.

    “Who, being an alien... is illegally or unlawfully in the United States”
    18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(5)

    Can I buy from a private seller in Vermont?

    Universal Background Checks are required. Private sellers must meet the buyer at an FFL to conduct the background check.

    “A person shall not transfer a firearm to another person unless... the transfer is facilitated by a licensed dealer”
    13 V.S.A. § 4019(b)

    What are straw purchase laws in Vermont?

    Straw purchasing is illegal under federal law and Vermont's universal background check requirements make transferring to a third party without a check illegal.

    “A person shall not transfer a firearm to another person if... the transferor knows or has reasonable cause to believe that the transferee is prohibited...”
    18 U.S.C. § 922(a)(6); 13 V.S.A. § 4019

    Can someone with a domestic violence conviction own a gun in Vermont?

    Yes, domestic assault is classified as a violent crime in Vermont, prohibiting firearm possession.

    “Domestic assault... shall be considered a violent crime for the purposes of this section.”
    13 V.S.A. § 4017(d)(3)

    How do background checks work in Vermont?

    Vermont uses the federal NICS system. All transfers, including private sales, must go through an FFL who runs the NICS check.

    “A person shall not transfer a firearm to another person unless... the transfer is facilitated by a licensed dealer... who performs a background check”
    13 V.S.A. § 4019

    Who is prohibited from owning firearms in Vermont?

    Vermont prohibits possession by persons convicted of specific 'violent crimes' as defined in state statute, even if federal rights were somehow restored or if the crime didn't trigger federal bars.

    “A person shall not possess a firearm if the person has been convicted of a violent crime... 'Violent crime' means... murder, manslaughter, arson, kidnapping, aggravated assault...”
    13 V.S.A. § 4017

    Who is prohibited from owning firearms under federal law?

    Felons, fugitives, unlawful users of controlled substances, those adjudicated as mental defectives, illegal aliens, dishonorably discharged veterans, and those subject to certain restraining orders.

    “It shall be unlawful for any person... who has been convicted in any court of, a crime punishable by imprisonment for a term exceeding one year... to ship or transport in interstate or foreign commerce, or possess in or affecting commerce, any firearm or ammunition”
    18 U.S.C. § 922(g)
    Buying & Acquiring FirearmsHow to purchase, waiting periods, background checks

    What is the minimum age to buy a gun in Vermont?

    21 for all firearms, with an exception allowing 18+ to purchase if they have completed a hunter safety course.

    “A person shall not sell a firearm to a person under 21 years of age... This subsection shall not apply to... a person who provides... a certificate of satisfactory completion of a Vermont hunter safety course”
    13 V.S.A. § 4020

    Is there a waiting period to buy a gun in Vermont?

    72 hours (3 days) from the time the background check is initiated.

    “A person shall not transfer a firearm to another person until 72 hours after the licensed dealer... is provided with a unique identification number for the transfer”
    13 V.S.A. § 4019a
    Challenged

    Does Vermont have a handgun roster?

    Vermont does not have a handgun roster.

    “No roster found”

    Do I need a permit to buy a gun in Vermont?

    No purchase permit is required, only the background check.

    “No permit requirement listed in statute; relies on NICS check.”
    13 V.S.A. § 4019
    Not Required

    Can I buy a gun online in Vermont?

    Legal, but must be shipped to a Vermont FFL for the background check and 72-hour wait.

    “Transfer is facilitated by a licensed dealer”
    13 V.S.A. § 4019
    Legal

    Are there gun purchase limits in Vermont?

    No limit on the number of firearms purchased at once.

    “No limit found”

    Are there ammunition restrictions in Vermont?

    No state restrictions on ammunition quantity or type.

    “No restriction found”

    Can I buy a gun out of state in Vermont?

    Handguns must be shipped to a VT FFL. Long guns can be bought in person in other states if compliant with both states' laws.

    “Shall not sell or deliver... to any person who the licensee knows... does not reside in... the State in which the licensee's place of business is located”
    18 U.S.C. § 922(b)(3)

    Do I need a background check to buy ammo in Vermont?

    No background check required for ammunition.

    “No requirement found”
    Not Required
    Self-DefenseCastle doctrine, stand your ground, duty to retreat

    Does Vermont have a castle doctrine?

    Vermont's common law establishes that there is no duty to retreat when attacked in one's own home, but it does not include a statutory presumption of reasonable fear or explicitly extend this protection to vehicles or workplaces.

    “An exception to this rule is that a person attacked in his or her own home has no duty to retreat.”

    Is there a duty to retreat before using force in Vermont?

    Vermont imposes a duty to retreat before using deadly force, which applies everywhere except within one's own dwelling, as established by case law.

    “The general rule in Vermont is that a person must retreat if possible before resorting to deadly force.”

    Does Vermont have a stand your ground law?

    Vermont does not have a stand your ground law; the common law duty to retreat applies in public places before using deadly force.

    “The general rule in Vermont is that a person must retreat if possible before resorting to deadly force.”

    Active Court Cases

    These legal challenges could change Vermont's gun laws in the near future

    Vermont Federation of Sportsmen's Clubs v. Birmingham

    2:23-cv-00220

    Pending

    Court: U.S. District Court for the District of Vermont

    Issue: Challenge to 72-hour waiting period and magazine capacity limits

    What This Means for You:

    The laws remain in effect while the lawsuit proceeds. The court denied a preliminary injunction in late 2023.

    Court DocketCase Tracking

    💡 Note: Court rulings can change quickly. Always verify current status before relying on these cases.

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