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    Virginia

    (VA)

    Virginia gun laws rated moderate. Comprehensive guide to firearms regulations, permits, and restrictions.

    Last updated: December 27, 2025
    Rating
    3/5
    Moderate
    ✗
    Permitless Carry
    ∞
    No Limit
    ✓
    No AWB
    0
    No Wait
    Disclaimer: This information is for general educational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Gun laws change frequently and vary by locality. Always verify current laws with official state sources or a qualified attorney before making decisions about firearms. Last researched: December 2025.

    See also: Federal gun laws that apply in every state. · Video guides for Virginia gun laws →

    Virginia Gun Laws in Plain English

    In Virginia, you can buy most firearms without a waiting period, but you must pass a background check for every purchase, including private sales. You are limited to buying one handgun a month unless you have a concealed carry permit. You can carry a loaded handgun in your car's glove box without a permit. While you can own AR-15s and standard magazines, be careful carrying them openly in cities like Alexandria or Richmond, as specific restrictions apply.

    Critical: Virginia Gun Law Gotchas

    These are the most important things to know that could get you arrested or charged with a crime:

    • #1If you don't have a Concealed Handgun Permit, you cannot open carry a loaded semi-auto rifle or pistol with a magazine holding more than 20 rounds in Northern Virginia or major cities (Va. Code § 18.2-287.4).
    • #2Private sales require a background check at a dealer if anything of value is exchanged. 'I'll trade you this for that' requires a check (Va. Code § 18.2-308.2:5).
    • #3You are limited to purchasing one handgun every 30 days unless you have a valid Concealed Handgun Permit (Va. Code § 18.2-308.2:2(R)).
    • #4Localities (cities/counties) can ban guns in parks and at permitted events. Watch for signs in places like Alexandria or Arlington (Va. Code § 15.2-915).
    • #5Machine guns must be registered with the Virginia State Police within 24 hours of acquisition (Va. Code § 18.2-295).
    • #6If your firearm is lost or stolen, you MUST report it to law enforcement within 48 hours or face a fine (Va. Code § 18.2-287.5).
    • #7Vehicle carry without a permit requires the handgun to be in a 'secured container' (glove box/console). Leaving it under the seat or in a door map pocket is illegal concealed carry (Va. Code § 18.2-308).
    • #8Airport terminals (Richmond, Dulles, Reagan) are off-limits for carry, even with a permit (Va. Code § 18.2-287.01).
    • #9A conviction for misdemeanor assault and battery of a family member (after July 1, 2021) prohibits you from owning firearms (Va. Code § 18.2-308.1:8).
    • #10It is illegal to carry a concealed handgun while under the influence of alcohol in a public place (Va. Code § 18.2-308.012).
    • #11Non-citizens cannot possess 'assault firearms' (defined by features/mag capacity) even if they are legal permanent residents (Va. Code § 18.2-308.2:01).

    Read these carefully - they cover common mistakes that lead to felony charges.

    Common Scenarios

    Quick answers to the most frequently asked questions about Virginia gun laws.

    Can I keep a gun in my car?
    Allowed without permit if handgun is in a 'secured container' (glove box/console).

    Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-308(C)(8)

    Can I defend my home?
    Virginia's common law allows for the use of necessary force, including deadly force, to repel an intruder from one's home without a duty to retreat, but there is no statutory presumption of reasonable fear.
    Can I stand my ground?
    Virginia's common law establishes a 'stand your ground' principle, allowing individuals to use necessary force, including deadly force, without a duty to retreat in public places if they are without fault and reasonably apprehend danger.
    Can I carry without a permit?
    Shall Issue.

    Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-308.04

    Can I carry on college campus?
    Prohibited by regulation at most universities (VCU, UVA, GMU). Violation is trespassing.

    8VAC20-671-630

    Can I buy a gun online?
    Legal, but must be shipped to a licensed FFL dealer for the background check.

    18 U.S.C. § 922(a)(2)

    Can I own a suppressor?
    Legal if compliant with federal NFA.

    Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-308.6

    Can I own standard capacity magazines?
    No limit on capacity.

    No statute

    Detailed Law Topics

    Comprehensive breakdown of Virginia's firearms regulations by category.

    Carrying & TransportConcealed carry, open carry, vehicle carry, sensitive places

    Does FOPA safe passage apply when traveling through Virginia?

    Federal protection applies.

    “Entitled to transport a firearm for any lawful purpose from any place where he may lawfully possess and carry such firearm to any other place where he may lawfully possess and carry such firearm”
    18 U.S.C. § 926A

    Is open carry legal in Virginia?

    Generally legal without permit at age 18. Exception: In NoVA/cities, 'assault firearms' (large mag/features) cannot be open carried without a CHP.

    “It shall be unlawful for any person to carry a loaded (a) semi-automatic center-fire rifle or pistol... [in specified localities]... The provisions of this section shall not apply to... any person having a valid concealed handgun permit”
    Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-287.4
    Legal

    Can I fly with a firearm from Virginia?

    Must be unloaded, locked in hard-sided container, declared at check-in. Prohibited in terminals (§ 18.2-287.01).

    “Carriage of weapons, explosives, and incendiaries by individuals”
    49 CFR § 1540.111

    Can I carry without a permit in Virginia?

    Shall Issue.

    “The court shall issue the permit... unless it is determined that the applicant is disqualified”
    Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-308.04

    How do I get a concealed carry permit in Virginia?

    Apply at Circuit Court Clerk. Requires proof of competence (training).

    “Any person... may apply in writing to the clerk of the circuit court of the county or city in which he resides... for a five-year permit to carry a concealed handgun.”
    Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-308.01

    Can I carry on college campus in Virginia?

    Prohibited by regulation at most universities (VCU, UVA, GMU). Violation is trespassing.

    “Possession or carrying of any weapon by any person, except a police officer... is prohibited on school property [K-12]. (University regulations vary but generally prohibit)”
    8VAC20-671-630

    What are the school zone gun laws in Virginia?

    Illegal on school property. Exception for unloaded/secured in vehicle or valid CHP holder picking up/dropping off (must stay in vehicle).

    “If any person possesses any firearm... while such person is upon... the property of any public, private or religious elementary, middle or high school... he shall be guilty of a Class 6 felony.”
    Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-308.1

    Can I keep a loaded gun in my car in Virginia?

    Allowed without permit if handgun is in a 'secured container' (glove box/console).

    “This section shall not apply to... Any person... while in a personal, private motor vehicle or vessel and such handgun is secured in a container or compartment in the vehicle or vessel.”
    Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-308(C)(8)

    Can I carry in national parks in Virginia?

    Allowed in outdoor areas (Shenandoah) if you can legally carry in VA. Prohibited in buildings.

    “Shall not promulgate or enforce any regulation that prohibits an individual from possessing a firearm... if... the possession of the firearm is in compliance with the law of the State”
    54 U.S.C. § 104906

    Where can't I carry a gun in Virginia?

    State buildings, Capitol Square, airport terminals (§ 18.2-287.01), and local parks/events where posted (§ 15.2-915).

    “It is unlawful for any person to carry any firearm... within... the Capitol of Virginia... [or] any building owned or leased by the Commonwealth”
    Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-283.2

    How do I transport firearms in Virginia?

    Handguns must be in a secured container (closed console/glove box) if no permit. Rifles/shotguns should be unloaded to avoid 'loaded rifle in public' issues in some localities.

    “Secured in a container or compartment in the vehicle”
    Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-308(C)(8)
    Weapons & AccessoriesWhat you can own: rifles, magazines, suppressors, SBRs

    Are short-barreled rifles legal in Virginia?

    Legal if compliant with federal NFA.

    “Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit... the possession of a 'sawed-off' shotgun or 'sawed-off' rifle... in compliance with federal law.”
    Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-308.8

    Are ghost guns legal in Virginia?

    Legal to build for personal use.

    “No ghost gun statute found in Code of Virginia.”

    Are suppressors legal in Virginia?

    Legal if compliant with federal NFA.

    “Exceptions... to any person who possesses a firearm muffler or firearm silencer which is registered with the United States Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives”
    Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-308.6

    Does Virginia require firearm serialization?

    No state requirement.

    “No serialization statute found in Code of Virginia.”
    Not Required

    Does Virginia require microstamping?

    Not required.

    “No microstamping statute found in Code of Virginia.”
    Not Required

    Are muzzle devices legal in Virginia?

    Legal if registered with ATF (NFA).

    “It shall be unlawful for any person to possess any firearm muffler or firearm silencer... [unless] registered with the United States Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives”
    Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-308.6

    What are the assault weapon laws in Virginia?

    No state ban on possession. However, 'Assault Firearms' (defined by features) have carry restrictions in certain localities.

    “No assault weapon ban statute found in Code of Virginia.”

    Does Virginia have a magazine capacity limit?

    No limit on capacity.

    “No magazine capacity limit statute found in Code of Virginia.”

    What are the compliance methods for firearms in Virginia?

    null

    null
    N/A
    Ownership & PossessionRegistration, storage requirements, private transfers

    Does Virginia require firearm registration?

    No registration for standard firearms. Machine guns MUST be registered with State Police within 24 hours.

    “Every machine gun in this Commonwealth shall be registered with the Department of State Police within twenty-four hours after its acquisition.”
    Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-295
    Not Required

    Does Virginia require safe storage of firearms?

    No general mandate, but tax credits exist for buying safes.

    “No general safe storage mandate found in Code of Virginia.”

    Does Virginia have red flag laws?

    Yes, Substantial Risk Orders allow temporary seizure of firearms.

    “Upon the issuance of a substantial risk order... the person who is subject to the order... shall surrender to a law-enforcement agency... any firearm”
    Va. Code Ann. § 19.2-152.13

    What do I need to know about bringing guns when moving to Virginia?

    No registration required.

    “No new resident registration statute found in Code of Virginia.”

    Do I have to report a stolen gun in Virginia?

    Mandatory reporting within 48 hours of discovery.

    “Any person who lawfully possesses a firearm that is lost or stolen... shall report the loss or theft to any local law-enforcement agency or the Department of State Police within 48 hours”
    Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-287.5
    Required

    How do private firearm transfers work in Virginia?

    Must use FFL for any transfer involving value (sale/trade).

    “No person shall sell a firearm for money, goods, services or anything else of value unless he has obtained verification from a licensed dealer”
    Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-308.2:5

    Can I lend a firearm to a family member in Virginia?

    Bona fide gifts and loans without consideration are exempt from the UBC requirement.

    “No person shall sell a firearm for money, goods, services or anything else of value [implies gifts/loans without value are exempt]”
    Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-308.2:5

    Does Virginia require firearm insurance?

    Not required.

    “No insurance statute found in Code of Virginia.”

    What are the child access prevention laws in Virginia?

    Class 1 misdemeanor to recklessly leave loaded, unsecured firearm accessible to child under 14.

    “It shall be unlawful for any person to recklessly leave a loaded, unsecured firearm in such a manner as to endanger the life or limb of any child under the age of fourteen.”
    Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-56.2
    Eligibility & ProhibitionsWho can and cannot own firearms

    Can marijuana users own firearms in Virginia?

    Federal law prohibits firearm possession by unlawful users of controlled substances. Marijuana remains a Schedule I controlled substance federally.

    “Who is an unlawful user of or addicted to any controlled substance (as defined in section 102 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 802))”
    18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(3)

    Can non-citizens own firearms in Virginia?

    Non-citizens are prohibited from possessing 'assault firearms' (defined by magazine capacity/features) and must generally comply with federal 922(g)(5).

    “It shall be unlawful for any person who is not a citizen of the United States... to knowingly and intentionally possess or transport any assault firearm.”
    Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-308.2:01

    Can I buy from a private seller in Virginia?

    Universal Background Checks are required for all sales involving 'money, goods, services or anything else of value'.

    “No person shall sell a firearm for money, goods, services or anything else of value unless he has obtained verification from a licensed dealer... that information on the prospective purchaser has been submitted for a criminal history record information check”
    Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-308.2:5

    What are straw purchase laws in Virginia?

    Illegal under both state and federal law. Virginia classifies it as a Class 4 felony.

    “Any person who purchases a firearm with the intent to (i) resell or otherwise provide such firearm to any person who he knows or has reason to believe is ineligible to purchase... is guilty of a Class 4 felony.”
    Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-308.2:2(M)

    Can someone with a domestic violence conviction own a gun in Virginia?

    Yes, state law explicitly prohibits possession after a misdemeanor conviction for assault and battery of a family or household member (for offenses on/after July 1, 2021).

    “Any person who knowingly and intentionally purchases, possesses, or transports any firearm following a misdemeanor conviction for an offense that occurred on or after July 1, 2021, for... assault and battery of a family or household member... is guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor.”
    Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-308.1:8

    How do background checks work in Virginia?

    Virginia is a Point of Contact (POC) state. Dealers contact the Virginia State Police Firearms Transaction Center (FTC) for checks.

    “The dealer shall obtain from the Department of State Police... an approval or information that the purchaser is prohibited”
    Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-308.2:2

    Who is prohibited from owning firearms in Virginia?

    Virginia prohibits possession by persons acquitted by reason of insanity, persons adjudicated legally incompetent or mentally incapacitated, and persons subject to Substantial Risk Orders (Red Flag).

    “It shall be unlawful for any person... who is subject to an emergency substantial risk order or a substantial risk order... to purchase, possess, or transport any firearm.”
    Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-308.1:3

    Who is prohibited from owning firearms under federal law?

    Felons, fugitives, unlawful users of controlled substances, those adjudicated as mental defectives, illegal aliens, dishonorably discharged veterans, and those subject to certain restraining orders.

    “It shall be unlawful for any person... who has been convicted in any court of, a crime punishable by imprisonment for a term exceeding one year... to ship or transport in interstate or foreign commerce, or possess in or affecting commerce, any firearm or ammunition”
    18 U.S.C. § 922(g)
    Buying & Acquiring FirearmsHow to purchase, waiting periods, background checks

    What is the minimum age to buy a gun in Virginia?

    18 for long guns, 21 for handguns from FFL. Possession of handgun allowed at 18 (though purchase options are limited due to federal law).

    “It shall be unlawful for any person under 18 years of age to knowingly and intentionally possess or transport a handgun.”
    Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-308.7

    Is there a waiting period to buy a gun in Virginia?

    None. A 3-day waiting period bill was vetoed in 2024.

    “No waiting period statute found in Code of Virginia.”

    Does Virginia have a handgun roster?

    No roster.

    “No handgun roster statute found in Code of Virginia.”

    Do I need a permit to buy a gun in Virginia?

    No permit required to purchase.

    “No permit to purchase statute found in Code of Virginia.”
    Not Required

    Can I buy a gun online in Virginia?

    Legal, but must be shipped to a licensed FFL dealer for the background check.

    “It shall be unlawful... to ship, transport, or receive any firearm in interstate or foreign commerce”
    18 U.S.C. § 922(a)(2)
    Legal

    Are there gun purchase limits in Virginia?

    Limit of one handgun per 30 days unless you have a Concealed Handgun Permit (CHP) or complete a special application.

    “No person shall purchase more than one handgun within any 30-day period... [Exceptions include] any person who holds a valid Virginia concealed handgun permit.”
    Va. Code Ann. § 18.2-308.2:2(R)

    Are there ammunition restrictions in Virginia?

    No limits on quantity.

    “No ammunition quantity limit found in Code of Virginia.”

    Can I buy a gun out of state in Virginia?

    Long guns can be purchased in any state if legal in both. Handguns must be shipped to a VA FFL.

    “Shall not apply to the sale or delivery of any rifle or shotgun to a resident of a State other than a State in which the licensee's place of business is located if the transferee meets in person... and the sale, delivery, and receipt fully comply with the legal conditions of sale in both such States”
    18 U.S.C. § 922(b)(3)

    Do I need a background check to buy ammo in Virginia?

    No background check for ammunition.

    “No ammunition background check statute found in Code of Virginia.”
    Not Required
    Self-DefenseCastle doctrine, stand your ground, duty to retreat

    Does Virginia have a castle doctrine?

    Virginia's common law allows for the use of necessary force, including deadly force, to repel an intruder from one's home without a duty to retreat, but there is no statutory presumption of reasonable fear.

    “A man is not bound to retreat from his house, but may stand his ground”

    Is there a duty to retreat before using force in Virginia?

    Virginia common law generally does not impose a duty to retreat before using deadly force, both within one's home and in public, provided the individual is without fault and reasonably apprehends danger.

    “A person who is without fault... has the right to stand his ground”

    Does Virginia have a stand your ground law?

    Virginia's common law establishes a 'stand your ground' principle, allowing individuals to use necessary force, including deadly force, without a duty to retreat in public places if they are without fault and reasonably apprehend danger.

    “A person who is without fault... has the right to stand his ground”

    Active Court Cases

    These legal challenges could change Virginia's gun laws in the near future

    VCDL v. City of Winchester

    Record No. 220663

    Appeal

    Court: Supreme Court of Virginia

    Issue: Challenge to local gun bans in parks and events

    What This Means for You:

    Localities currently enforce bans in parks/events; outcome determines if these remain legal.

    Court DocketCase Tracking

    💡 Note: Court rulings can change quickly. Always verify current status before relying on these cases.

    Compare with Other States

    See how Virginia's laws compare to neighboring states

    Go to Comparison Tool

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