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    Washington

    (WA)

    Washington gun laws rated restrictive. Comprehensive guide to firearms regulations, permits, and restrictions.

    Last updated: December 27, 2025
    Rating
    2/5
    Restrictive
    ✗
    Permitless Carry
    10
    Round Limit
    ✗
    AWB Active
    10
    Day Wait
    Disclaimer: This information is for general educational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Gun laws change frequently and vary by locality. Always verify current laws with official state sources or a qualified attorney before making decisions about firearms. Last researched: December 2025.

    See also: Federal gun laws that apply in every state. · Video guides for Washington gun laws →

    Washington Gun Laws in Plain English

    In Washington, you face significant restrictions on what you can buy, though you can generally keep what you already own. You cannot buy new AR-15s or magazines holding more than 10 rounds. To buy any gun, you must complete a safety training course and wait 10 business days. You need a license to carry a loaded handgun in your car, even if it's in plain sight.

    Critical: Washington Gun Law Gotchas

    These are the most important things to know that could get you arrested or charged with a crime:

    • #1Constructive Possession of Assault Weapons: The definition of 'assault weapon' includes 'a conversion kit, part, or combination of parts' (RCW 9.41.010). Possessing parts to build an AR-15 could be illegal manufacture.
    • #2Magazine Import Trap: If you drive to Idaho, buy a standard capacity magazine, and drive back, you have committed illegal 'importation' (RCW 9.41.370).
    • #3Loaded in Vehicle: 'Loaded' includes having a loaded magazine inserted in the gun, even if the chamber is empty. You need a CPL for this in a vehicle (RCW 9.41.050).
    • #4Short-Barreled Shotguns: Unlike Short-Barreled Rifles (SBRs), Short-Barreled Shotguns (SBSs) are generally illegal in WA, even with federal tax stamps (RCW 9.41.190).
    • #510-Day Wait is Absolute: The 10-day waiting period is mandatory for ALL firearms. A CPL does not exempt you from this wait (RCW 9.41.092).
    • #6Training Expiration: Your safety training proof is only valid for 5 years. You must retake it to buy another gun after it expires (RCW 9.41.090).
    • #7School Zone Trap: While a WA CPL exempts you from the federal Gun-Free School Zone Act, it only allows you to pick up/drop off students on school grounds, not enter buildings (RCW 9.41.280).
    • #8Marijuana Usage: Washington legalized recreational marijuana, but federal law (18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(3)) still prohibits gun ownership if you use it.
    • #9Capitol Grounds: Open carry and concealed carry are restricted in specific areas of the State Capitol campus and at permitted demonstrations (RCW 9.41.300).
    • #10Community Endangerment: You can be criminally charged if a prohibited person or child gains access to your unsecured firearm and uses it (RCW 9.41.360).
    • #11Private Sale Background Checks: You cannot sell a gun to a friend without going to a dealer, unless it is a bona fide gift to immediate family (RCW 9.41.113).

    Read these carefully - they cover common mistakes that lead to felony charges.

    Common Scenarios

    Quick answers to the most frequently asked questions about Washington gun laws.

    Can I keep a gun in my car?
    Requires CPL (Concealed Pistol License).

    RCW 9.41.050

    Can I defend my home?
    Washington law removes the duty to retreat inside one's own dwelling, but does not include a statutory presumption of reasonable fear for intruders.
    Can I stand my ground?
    Washington has a stand your ground doctrine, established by case law, which allows a person to use necessary force, including deadly force, without a duty to retreat when lawfully in a place where they have a right to be.
    Can I carry without a permit?
    Shall Issue.

    RCW 9.41.070

    Can I carry on college campus?
    Generally prohibited by administrative code (WAC) for universities. Not a criminal statute per se, but grounds for expulsion/trespass.

    WAC 478-124-020

    Can I buy a gun online?
    Legal, but must ship to a WA FFL for background check and waiting period.

    18 U.S.C. § 922(a)(2)

    Can I own a suppressor?
    Legal if compliant with federal NFA.

    RCW 9.41.250

    Can I own standard capacity magazines?
    Sale/Import banned >10 rounds. Possession is legal.

    RCW 9.41.370

    Detailed Law Topics

    Comprehensive breakdown of Washington's firearms regulations by category.

    Carrying & TransportConcealed carry, open carry, vehicle carry, sensitive places

    Does FOPA safe passage apply when traveling through Washington?

    Federal protection applies for pass-through travel.

    “Entitled to transport a firearm for any lawful purpose from any place where he may lawfully possess and carry such firearm to any other place where he may lawfully possess and carry such firearm”
    18 U.S.C. § 926A

    Is open carry legal in Washington?

    Generally legal without permit, but prohibited in specific locations (Capitol, protests, etc.). Loaded open carry in vehicle requires CPL.

    “A person shall not carry... a pistol concealed on his or her person without a license [implying open carry is legal]”
    RCW 9.41.050
    Legal

    Can I fly with a firearm from Washington?

    Must be unloaded, locked in hard-sided container, declared at check-in.

    “Carriage of weapons, explosives, and incendiaries by individuals”
    49 CFR § 1540.111

    Can I carry without a permit in Washington?

    Shall Issue.

    “Shall... issue a license... if the applicant... Is eligible”
    RCW 9.41.070

    How do I get a concealed carry permit in Washington?

    Shall Issue. Apply at local police/sheriff.

    “The chief of police of a municipality or the sheriff of a county shall within thirty days after the filing of an application... issue a license”
    RCW 9.41.070

    Can I carry on college campus in Washington?

    Generally prohibited by administrative code (WAC) for universities. Not a criminal statute per se, but grounds for expulsion/trespass.

    “No person shall have in their possession any gun... on university premises”
    WAC 478-124-020

    What are the school zone gun laws in Washington?

    Illegal to carry on grounds. CPL holders may have loaded handgun in vehicle while picking up/dropping off.

    “It is unlawful for a person to carry onto, or to possess on, public or private elementary or secondary school premises... [Exception] Any person in possession of a pistol who has been issued a license... while picking up or dropping off a student”
    RCW 9.41.280

    Can I keep a loaded gun in my car in Washington?

    Requires CPL (Concealed Pistol License).

    “A person shall not carry or place a loaded pistol in any vehicle unless the person has a license to carry a concealed pistol”
    RCW 9.41.050

    Can I carry in national parks in Washington?

    Allowed if compliant with state law (buildings prohibited).

    “Shall not promulgate or enforce any regulation that prohibits an individual from possessing a firearm... if... the individual is not otherwise prohibited by law from possessing the firearm... and... the possession of the firearm is in compliance with the law of the State”
    54 U.S.C. § 104906

    Where can't I carry a gun in Washington?

    Includes schools, jails, courts, mental health facilities, bars (21+ areas), airports, capitol grounds, and recently libraries/zoos/transit (open carry restrictions often apply here, check specific signage/ordinance).

    “It is unlawful for any person to enter the following places when he or she knowingly possesses... any firearm... Restricted access areas of a jail... courtroom... restricted access areas of a public mental health facility... establishment... classified by the state liquor and cannabis board as off-limits to persons under 21”
    RCW 9.41.300

    How do I transport firearms in Washington?

    If no CPL: Unloaded and in a case/wrapper. Long guns must always be unloaded in vehicle.

    “Exceptions... if the pistol is unloaded and is in a secure wrapper or framed case”
    RCW 9.41.050
    Weapons & AccessoriesWhat you can own: rifles, magazines, suppressors, SBRs

    Are short-barreled rifles legal in Washington?

    SBRs are legal (with NFA stamp). SBSs are generally illegal.

    “It is unlawful for any person to manufacture, own, buy, sell, loan, furnish, transport, or have in possession... any short-barreled shotgun... [Subsection 2] Subsection (1) of this section shall not apply to... any short-barreled rifle... if in compliance with federal law”
    RCW 9.41.190

    Are ghost guns legal in Washington?

    Must be serialized.

    “No person may manufacture or assemble a firearm that is not imprinted with a serial number issued by a federally licensed firearms manufacturer”
    RCW 9.41.325

    Are suppressors legal in Washington?

    Legal if compliant with federal NFA.

    “It shall be unlawful for any person to... use any contrivance or device for suppressing the noise of any firearm unless the suppressor is legally registered and possessed in accordance with federal law”
    RCW 9.41.250

    Does Washington require firearm serialization?

    All firearms manufactured after July 1, 2019 must be serialized.

    “Untraceable firearm means any firearm... that is not an antique firearm and that cannot be traced by law enforcement... because the firearm... has not been imprinted with a serial number”
    RCW 9.41.325
    Required

    Does Washington require microstamping?

    Not required.

    “No microstamping statute found”
    RCW 9.41
    Not Required

    Are muzzle devices legal in Washington?

    Flash hiders/suppressors are 'features' that classify a semi-auto rifle as a banned assault weapon. Suppressors themselves are legal to own.

    “Assault weapon means... A semiautomatic, center fire rifle... [with] Flash suppressor, flash guard, flash eliminator, flash hider, sound suppressor, silencer”
    RCW 9.41.010

    What are the assault weapon laws in Washington?

    Sale, import, and manufacture are banned. Possession of pre-ban items is legal.

    “No person in this state may manufacture, import, distribute, sell, or offer for sale any assault weapon”
    RCW 9.41.390
    BannedChallenged

    Does Washington have a magazine capacity limit?

    Sale/Import banned >10 rounds. Possession is legal.

    “No person in this state may manufacture, import, distribute, sell, or offer for sale any large capacity magazine... defined as... more than 10 rounds”
    RCW 9.41.370
    Challenged

    What are the compliance methods for firearms in Washington?

    Fixed magazine (non-detachable) or manual action.

    “Assault weapon means... A semiautomatic, center fire rifle that has the capacity to accept a detachable magazine and has one or more of the following...”
    RCW 9.41.010
    Ownership & PossessionRegistration, storage requirements, private transfers

    Does Washington require firearm registration?

    De facto registry for pistols and semi-auto rifles via transfer records kept by DOL. No explicit 'registry' for owners.

    “The department of licensing may keep copies or records of applications for concealed pistol licenses... and records of pistol transfers”
    RCW 9.41.129
    Not Required

    Does Washington require safe storage of firearms?

    Not a mandate to lock, but criminal liability applies if a prohibited person/child accesses an unsecured firearm and uses it.

    “A person... is guilty of the crime of community endangerment due to unsafe storage of a firearm... if... the person stores or leaves a firearm in a location where the person knows, or reasonably should know, that a prohibited person may gain access”
    RCW 9.41.360

    Does Washington have red flag laws?

    Extreme Risk Protection Orders (ERPO) allow police/family to petition for temporary removal.

    “Extreme risk protection orders... to prevent individuals who are at high risk of harming themselves or others from accessing firearms”
    RCW 7.105

    What do I need to know about bringing guns when moving to Washington?

    No registration required for firearms brought in by new residents.

    “No new resident registration statute found”
    RCW 9.41

    Do I have to report a stolen gun in Washington?

    No mandatory reporting for individuals (dealers must report).

    “No theft reporting statute for individuals found”
    RCW 9.41
    Not Required

    How do private firearm transfers work in Washington?

    Must use FFL.

    “All firearm sales or transfers... shall be subject to background checks”
    RCW 9.41.113

    Can I lend a firearm to a family member in Washington?

    Bona fide gifts/loans between immediate family are exempt from background checks.

    “The provisions of this section do not apply to... A transfer between immediate family members”
    RCW 9.41.113(4)(a)

    Does Washington require firearm insurance?

    Not required.

    “No insurance statute found”
    RCW 9.41

    What are the child access prevention laws in Washington?

    Criminal liability if a child gains access to an unsecured firearm.

    “Community endangerment due to unsafe storage... if a child... gains access”
    RCW 9.41.360
    Eligibility & ProhibitionsWho can and cannot own firearms

    Can marijuana users own firearms in Washington?

    Prohibited under federal law despite state legalization.

    “Who is an unlawful user of or addicted to any controlled substance (as defined in section 102 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 802))”
    18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(3)

    Can non-citizens own firearms in Washington?

    Non-citizens generally require an Alien Firearm License unless they are permanent residents.

    “It is a class C felony for any person who is not a citizen of the United States to carry or possess any firearm, unless the person... has obtained a valid alien firearm license”
    RCW 9.41.171

    Can I buy from a private seller in Washington?

    Must be processed through a licensed dealer (FFL).

    “All firearm sales or transfers, in whole or part in this state including without limitation a sale or transfer where either the purchaser or seller or transferee or transferor is in Washington, shall be subject to background checks”
    RCW 9.41.113

    What are straw purchase laws in Washington?

    Illegal under both state and federal law.

    “No person shall sell or transfer a firearm unless... the purchaser or transferee... has completed a valid background check”
    RCW 9.41.113

    Can someone with a domestic violence conviction own a gun in Washington?

    Conviction of any crime of domestic violence prohibits possession.

    “After having been previously convicted... of any of the following crimes... any crime of domestic violence as defined in RCW 10.99.020”
    RCW 9.41.040(2)(a)(i)

    How do background checks work in Washington?

    All checks go through the WSP SAFE system (Secure Automated Firearms E-Check).

    “The Washington state patrol firearms background check program... shall serve as a single point of contact for dealers”
    RCW 9.41.090

    Who is prohibited from owning firearms in Washington?

    Includes 'serious offenses' as defined in RCW 9.41.010, certain domestic violence misdemeanors, and harassment crimes.

    “A person, whether an adult or juvenile, is guilty of the crime of unlawful possession of a firearm in the first degree, if the person owns, has in his or her possession, or has in his or her control any firearm after having been previously convicted... of any serious offense”
    RCW 9.41.040

    Who is prohibited from owning firearms under federal law?

    Felons, fugitives, unlawful users of controlled substances, those adjudicated as mental defectives, illegal aliens, dishonorably discharged veterans, and those subject to certain restraining orders.

    “It shall be unlawful for any person... who has been convicted in any court of, a crime punishable by imprisonment for a term exceeding one year... to ship or transport in interstate or foreign commerce, or possess in or affecting commerce, any firearm or ammunition”
    18 U.S.C. § 922(g)
    Buying & Acquiring FirearmsHow to purchase, waiting periods, background checks

    What is the minimum age to buy a gun in Washington?

    21 for pistols and semi-automatic rifles (though SARs are banned); 18 for manual action long guns.

    “A person under twenty-one years of age may not purchase a pistol or semiautomatic assault rifle... [Note: SARs are now banned for sale regardless of age]”
    RCW 9.41.240

    Is there a waiting period to buy a gun in Washington?

    10 business days for all firearms.

    “A licensed dealer may not deliver any firearm to a purchaser or transferee until... ten business days have elapsed from the date of the purchase”
    RCW 9.41.092

    Does Washington have a handgun roster?

    No handgun roster.

    “No roster statute found”
    RCW 9.41

    Do I need a permit to buy a gun in Washington?

    Proof of safety training required for all purchases.

    “A dealer may not deliver a firearm to a purchaser... unless the purchaser provides proof of completion of a recognized firearm safety training program within the last five years”
    RCW 9.41.090(2)
    Required

    Can I buy a gun online in Washington?

    Legal, but must ship to a WA FFL for background check and waiting period.

    “It shall be unlawful... to ship, transport, or receive any firearm in interstate or foreign commerce”
    18 U.S.C. § 922(a)(2)
    Legal

    Are there gun purchase limits in Washington?

    No rationing scheme.

    “No limit statute found”
    RCW 9.41

    Are there ammunition restrictions in Washington?

    No state limits on quantity.

    “No ammo statute found”
    RCW 9.41

    Can I buy a gun out of state in Washington?

    Handguns must be transferred to WA FFL. Long guns can technically be bought in person if compliant with WA law, but WA's 10-day wait and training requirement makes this practically impossible without transfer.

    “Shall not sell or deliver... to any person who the licensee knows... does not reside in... the State in which the licensee's place of business is located”
    18 U.S.C. § 922(b)(3)

    Do I need a background check to buy ammo in Washington?

    Not required.

    “No ammo BGC statute found”
    RCW 9.41
    Not Required
    Self-DefenseCastle doctrine, stand your ground, duty to retreat

    Does Washington have a castle doctrine?

    Washington law removes the duty to retreat inside one's own dwelling, but does not include a statutory presumption of reasonable fear for intruders.

    “A person lawfully in a place where he has a right to be has no duty to retreat when assailed.”

    Is there a duty to retreat before using force in Washington?

    Washington does not impose a duty to retreat before using deadly force, as established by case law, when a person is lawfully in a place where they have a right to be.

    “The law of self-defense does not impose a duty to retreat on one who is assailed in a place where he has a right to be.”

    Does Washington have a stand your ground law?

    Washington has a stand your ground doctrine, established by case law, which allows a person to use necessary force, including deadly force, without a duty to retreat when lawfully in a place where they have a right to be.

    “A person lawfully in a place where he has a right to be has no duty to retreat when assailed.”

    Active Court Cases

    These legal challenges could change Washington's gun laws in the near future

    Hartford v. Ferguson / Guardian Arms v. Ferguson

    3:23-cv-05364

    Pending Appeal

    Court: US District Court / 9th Circuit

    Issue: Challenge to HB 1240 (Assault Weapons Ban)

    What This Means for You:

    The ban remains enforced. Sale/import of 'assault weapons' is illegal.

    Court DocketCase Tracking

    Sullivan v. Ferguson

    3:22-cv-05427

    Pending Appeal

    Court: US District Court / 9th Circuit

    Issue: Challenge to SB 5078 (Magazine Ban)

    What This Means for You:

    The ban remains enforced. Sale/import of >10 round magazines is illegal.

    Court DocketCase Tracking

    💡 Note: Court rulings can change quickly. Always verify current status before relying on these cases.

    Compare with Other States

    See how Washington's laws compare to neighboring states

    Go to Comparison Tool

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