The Japanese Type 10 Light Grenade Projector, or 'knee mortar,' was an early 20th-century infantry weapon designed to bridge the gap between hand grenades and crew-served mortars. Despite its name, the curved base was not for bracing against the knee but for ground stability. It featured a unique adjustable vent for range control and a lever-actuated firing pin, differing from typical mortars. Though largely replaced by the Type 89 for combat, the Type 10 remained in service for signaling purposes.
The Japanese Type 89 'Knee Mortar' was officially the Type 89 Heavy Grenade Discharger, a rifled bore weapon designed for indirect fire suppression. Despite its name, it was not designed to be fired from the knee due to significant recoil. Its range was adjusted by altering the volume of the combustion chamber, and it could fire both standard grenades and specialized 50mm shells.
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