Russia's pump-action grenade launcher: the GM-94. With firearms and weapon expert Jonathan Ferguson

Published on July 12, 2023
Duration: 24:07

The GM-94 is a Russian post-Soviet pump-action grenade launcher, also designated LPO-97, capable of firing 43x30mm cartridges. Developed in 1993, it features a unique top-mounted magazine tube and a reverse pump-action. Its ammunition includes thermobaric, tear gas, high-explosive fragmentation, and rubber slug rounds, with velocities around 85 m/s. The weapon is designed for internal security and military use, with ambidextrous controls and a folding stock.

Quick Summary

The GM-94 is a Russian pump-action grenade launcher, also designated LPO-97, developed in 1993. It features a unique reverse pump-action with a top-mounted magazine and fires 43x30mm VGM 93 ammunition, including thermobaric, HE, and tear gas rounds. Safety is enhanced by ambidextrous safeties that interlock with opening latches and a trigger that is disabled when the weapon is open.

Chapters

  1. 00:00Introduction to the GM-94
  2. 00:14GM-94 vs. LPO-97 Designation
  3. 00:33Russian Origin and Development
  4. 00:56Historical Context: Standalone Grenade Launchers
  5. 01:08GM-94 Operation: Pump-Action Mechanism
  6. 01:16Ambidextrous Controls and Safety Interlock
  7. 01:47Magazine Tube and Loading Mechanism
  8. 02:12Barrel and Cartridge Specifications
  9. 02:42Trigger Mechanism: Double-Action
  10. 02:57Sling Mounts
  11. 03:04Capacity and Secondary Weapon Necessity
  12. 03:26Combat Footage and Loadout
  13. 03:48Rear Sight System and Range Adjustment
  14. 04:10Trajectory and Effective Range
  15. 04:31Stock Design for Helmet Use
  16. 04:47Folding the Buttstock
  17. 05:47Compact Transport and Carry Handle Function
  18. 06:25Unfolding the Stock and Sight Reset
  19. 06:43Ambidextrous Use and Sling Placement
  20. 06:55Modern Trends vs. Standalone Launchers
  21. 07:26Weight and Ergonomics Considerations
  22. 07:38Butt Pad and Recoil Management
  23. 07:56Hand Grip Positions
  24. 08:01Manufacturer: KBP Instrument Design Bureau
  25. 08:34Markings on the GM-94
  26. 08:50Internal Mechanism: Top Cover Removal
  27. 09:16Cartridge Feeding and Breach Face Interaction
  28. 09:56Trigger Safety When Open
  29. 10:09Case Ejection and Breach Face Cleaning
  30. 10:41Disassembly for Cleaning
  31. 11:49Reinstalling the Barrel/Pump Grip
  32. 11:58Ammunition Types: VGM 93 Family
  33. 12:17Thermobaric Rounds and Flamethrower Analogy
  34. 12:48VGM 93 200 (Tear Gas) and Urban Role
  35. 12:57VGM 93 900 (High Explosive Fragmentation)
  36. 13:04VGM 93 600 (Rubber Slugs) and Non-Lethal Options
  37. 13:16Ammunition Velocity and User Impact
  38. 13:22Initial Issue and Adoption by Russian Forces
  39. 13:41Export and International Use
  40. 13:51Recent Sightings and Role in Conflicts
  41. 14:03Conclusion and Channel Engagement

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the GM-94 and its alternative designation?

The GM-94 is a Russian pump-action grenade launcher developed in 1993. It is also known by the designation LPO-97, which signifies its role as an incendiary weapon, particularly when firing thermobaric rounds.

How does the GM-94's pump-action mechanism differ from a standard shotgun?

The GM-94 features a reverse pump-action. Instead of pumping the forend backward to eject and forward to chamber, the user pumps the barrel assembly forward and then backward to chamber a round. The magazine tube is also located on top.

What types of ammunition can the GM-94 fire?

The GM-94 fires 43x30mm cartridges from the VGM 93 family. This includes thermobaric rounds, tear gas rounds, high-explosive fragmentation rounds, and rubber slugs for non-lethal applications.

What are some key safety features of the GM-94?

The GM-94 has ambidextrous manual safety levers that interlock with the latches for opening the weapon, preventing accidental discharge. Additionally, the trigger is inoperable when the weapon is open, adding another layer of safety.

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