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    Pennsylvania

    (PA)

    Pennsylvania gun laws rated moderate. Comprehensive guide to firearms regulations, permits, and restrictions.

    Last updated: December 27, 2025
    Rating
    4/5
    Permissive
    ✗
    Permitless Carry
    ∞
    No Limit
    ✓
    No AWB
    0
    No Wait
    Disclaimer: This information is for general educational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Gun laws change frequently and vary by locality. Always verify current laws with official state sources or a qualified attorney before making decisions about firearms. Last researched: December 2025.

    See also: Federal gun laws that apply in every state. · Video guides for Pennsylvania gun laws →

    Pennsylvania Gun Laws in Plain English

    In Pennsylvania, you can generally own and carry most firearms freely, but you must follow strict rules for handguns. You need a permit to carry a handgun concealed or in your car, and you must use a dealer for any private handgun sale. While you can openly carry without a permit in most of the state, you need a license to do so in Philadelphia. There are no limits on magazine size or the type of rifle you can own.

    Critical: Pennsylvania Gun Law Gotchas

    These are the most important things to know that could get you arrested or charged with a crime:

    • #1Philadelphia is a 'City of the First Class' where Open Carry requires a license (18 Pa.C.S. § 6108).
    • #2Private sales of handguns MUST go through an FFL or Sheriff; failure is a crime (18 Pa.C.S. § 6111).
    • #3Transfers to siblings (brothers/sisters) are NOT exempt from background checks; only spouse/parent/child/grandparent are exempt.
    • #4The State Police 'Record of Sale' for handguns is permanent, acting as a de facto registry for transfers.
    • #5Carrying a loaded firearm in a vehicle requires a License to Carry Firearms (LTCF) (18 Pa.C.S. § 6106).
    • #6Without an LTCF, vehicle transport must be unloaded, ammo separate, and DIRECT to/from a range or shop.
    • #7A 'Sportsman's Firearm Permit' is for hunting/fishing only and is NOT a valid concealed carry permit.
    • #8During a declared State of Emergency, open carry is prohibited without a license (18 Pa.C.S. § 6107).
    • #9Involuntary mental health commitment (302) results in a lifetime state prohibition on ownership.
    • #10Possession on school property has a 'lawful purpose' defense (§ 912), but using it usually requires getting arrested first.
    • #11Medical Marijuana card holders are federally prohibited from purchasing or possessing firearms.
    • #12Snowmobiles and ATVs are considered vehicles; loaded carry requires an LTCF (and sometimes conflicts with Game Code).
    • #13PA does not recognize all other state permits; check reciprocity carefully before visiting.

    Read these carefully - they cover common mistakes that lead to felony charges.

    Common Scenarios

    Quick answers to the most frequently asked questions about Pennsylvania gun laws.

    Can I keep a gun in my car?
    LTCF required to carry loaded in vehicle. Without LTCF, must be unloaded and ammo separate.

    18 Pa.C.S. § 6106

    Can I defend my home?
    Pennsylvania has a castle doctrine law that includes a presumption of reasonable fear and removes the duty to retreat within one's dwelling, residence, occupied vehicle, or place of work.

    Pa.C.S. § 505

    Can I stand my ground?
    Pennsylvania does not have a general stand your ground law that removes the duty to retreat in public places.

    Pa.C.S. § 505

    Can I carry without a permit?
    Shall Issue. Sheriff must issue unless prohibited.

    18 Pa.C.S. § 6109(e)

    Can I carry on college campus?
    Not prohibited by state law, but universities can prohibit via policy and expel students/trespass visitors.

    18 Pa.C.S. Chapter 61

    Can I buy a gun online?
    Legal, but must ship to FFL for transfer.

    18 U.S.C. § 922(a)(2)

    Can I own a suppressor?
    Legal if registered under NFA.

    18 Pa.C.S. § 908(b)(1)

    Can I own standard capacity magazines?
    No magazine capacity limits.

    18 Pa.C.S. Chapter 61

    Detailed Law Topics

    Comprehensive breakdown of Pennsylvania's firearms regulations by category.

    Carrying & TransportConcealed carry, open carry, vehicle carry, sensitive places

    Does FOPA safe passage apply when traveling through Pennsylvania?

    Federal FOPA protects transport through PA if unloaded and inaccessible.

    “Entitled to transport a firearm... from any place where he may lawfully possess and carry... to any other place”
    18 U.S.C. § 926A

    Is open carry legal in Pennsylvania?

    Legal without permit statewide EXCEPT in Philadelphia (City of First Class), where a license is required.

    “No person shall carry a firearm, rifle or shotgun at any time upon the public streets or upon any public property in a city of the first class unless... such person is licensed”
    18 Pa.C.S. § 6108
    Legal

    Can I fly with a firearm from Pennsylvania?

    Standard TSA rules: Unloaded, locked hard-sided container, declared.

    “Carriage of weapons, explosives, and incendiaries by individuals”
    49 CFR § 1540.111

    Can I carry without a permit in Pennsylvania?

    Shall Issue. Sheriff must issue unless prohibited.

    “A license to carry a firearm shall be for the purpose of carrying a firearm concealed... and shall be issued if...”
    18 Pa.C.S. § 6109(e)

    How do I get a concealed carry permit in Pennsylvania?

    Apply at County Sheriff (or Philly Police). Must be 21. Background check required.

    “The sheriff of a county shall... issue a license to carry a firearm”
    18 Pa.C.S. § 6109

    Can I carry on college campus in Pennsylvania?

    Not prohibited by state law, but universities can prohibit via policy and expel students/trespass visitors.

    “No statute explicitly banning campus carry found.”
    18 Pa.C.S. Chapter 61

    What are the school zone gun laws in Pennsylvania?

    PA law prohibits carry on school property, but § 912(c) provides a 'lawful purpose' defense. This is an affirmative defense (you get arrested, then argue it). Federal GFSZA applies.

    “Possession of weapon on school property... It shall be a defense that the weapon is possessed and used in conjunction with a lawful supervised school activity or course or is possessed for other lawful purpose”
    18 Pa.C.S. § 912

    Can I keep a loaded gun in my car in Pennsylvania?

    LTCF required to carry loaded in vehicle. Without LTCF, must be unloaded and ammo separate.

    “Any person who carries a firearm in any vehicle... without a valid and lawfully issued license... commits a felony”
    18 Pa.C.S. § 6106

    Can I carry in national parks in Pennsylvania?

    Allowed if you have a PA LTCF or recognized reciprocity permit. Buildings are off-limits.

    “Shall not promulgate or enforce any regulation that prohibits an individual from possessing a firearm... if the individual is not otherwise prohibited by the law of the State”
    54 U.S.C. § 104906

    Where can't I carry a gun in Pennsylvania?

    Courthouses, detention centers, mental hospitals, airport secure areas. Schools are generally prohibited but have a risky 'lawful purpose' defense.

    “Possession of firearm or other dangerous weapon in court facility”
    18 Pa.C.S. § 913

    How do I transport firearms in Pennsylvania?

    If no LTCF: Unloaded, ammo in separate container. Direct travel only to/from range, shop, home.

    “Any persons engaged in target shooting... provided that the firearm is unloaded and the ammunition is carried in a separate container”
    18 Pa.C.S. § 6106(b)(4)
    Weapons & AccessoriesWhat you can own: rifles, magazines, suppressors, SBRs

    Are short-barreled rifles legal in Pennsylvania?

    Legal if registered under NFA.

    “This section shall not apply to... any firearm... which may be possessed... under the National Firearms Act”
    18 Pa.C.S. § 908(b)(1)

    Are ghost guns legal in Pennsylvania?

    Legal to build for personal use. Philadelphia attempted restrictions but state preemption generally applies.

    “No county, municipality or township may in any manner regulate the lawful ownership, possession, transfer or transportation of firearms”
    18 Pa.C.S. § 6120

    Are suppressors legal in Pennsylvania?

    Legal if registered under NFA.

    “This section shall not apply to... any firearm... which may be possessed... under the National Firearms Act”
    18 Pa.C.S. § 908(b)(1)

    Does Pennsylvania require firearm serialization?

    Not required for personal use.

    “No serialization requirement for personal manufacture found.”
    18 Pa.C.S. Chapter 61
    Not Required

    Does Pennsylvania require microstamping?

    No microstamping requirement.

    “No microstamping statute found.”
    18 Pa.C.S. Chapter 61
    Not Required

    Are muzzle devices legal in Pennsylvania?

    Flash hiders and muzzle brakes are legal. Suppressors are legal if NFA compliant.

    “Prohibited offensive weapons... [Exception] This section shall not apply to... any firearm... which may be possessed under... the National Firearms Act”
    18 Pa.C.S. § 908

    What are the assault weapon laws in Pennsylvania?

    No state ban on 'assault weapons'.

    “No assault weapon ban statute found.”
    18 Pa.C.S. Chapter 61

    Does Pennsylvania have a magazine capacity limit?

    No magazine capacity limits.

    “No magazine capacity limit found.”
    18 Pa.C.S. Chapter 61

    What are the compliance methods for firearms in Pennsylvania?

    null

    null
    N/A
    Ownership & PossessionRegistration, storage requirements, private transfers

    Does Pennsylvania require firearm registration?

    Registration prohibited by law, BUT the State Police maintain a 'Record of Sale' database for handguns transferred at dealers.

    “Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to allow any government or law enforcement agency... to create, maintain or operate any registry of firearm ownership”
    18 Pa.C.S. § 6111.4
    Not Required

    Does Pennsylvania require safe storage of firearms?

    No general safe storage law.

    “No safe storage statute found.”
    18 Pa.C.S. Chapter 61

    Does Pennsylvania have red flag laws?

    No Red Flag law.

    “No ERPO statute found.”
    18 Pa.C.S. Chapter 61

    What do I need to know about bringing guns when moving to Pennsylvania?

    No registration required for firearms brought into the state.

    “No new resident registration statute found.”
    18 Pa.C.S. Chapter 61

    Do I have to report a stolen gun in Pennsylvania?

    No state requirement to report theft.

    “No theft reporting statute found.”
    18 Pa.C.S. Chapter 61
    Not Required

    How do private firearm transfers work in Pennsylvania?

    Handguns MUST be transferred via FFL/Sheriff. Long guns are exempt.

    “Any person... who desires to sell or transfer a firearm to another unlicensed person shall do so only upon the place of business of a licensed importer, manufacturer, dealer or county sheriff”
    18 Pa.C.S. § 6111(c)

    Can I lend a firearm to a family member in Pennsylvania?

    Transfers between spouse, parent/child, grandparent/grandchild are exempt from FFL requirement. Siblings are NOT exempt.

    “The provisions of this subsection shall not apply to transfers between spouses or to transfers between a parent and child or to transfers between grandparent and grandchild”
    18 Pa.C.S. § 6111(c)

    Does Pennsylvania require firearm insurance?

    No insurance requirement.

    “No insurance statute found.”
    18 Pa.C.S. Chapter 61

    What are the child access prevention laws in Pennsylvania?

    No specific CAP law, but general recklessness statutes could apply if a child is injured.

    “No CAP statute found.”
    18 Pa.C.S. Chapter 61
    Eligibility & ProhibitionsWho can and cannot own firearms

    Can marijuana users own firearms in Pennsylvania?

    Federal law prohibits possession by unlawful users of controlled substances. Pennsylvania medical marijuana cards do not exempt users from federal prohibition.

    “Who is an unlawful user of or addicted to any controlled substance”
    18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(3)

    Can non-citizens own firearms in Pennsylvania?

    Illegal aliens are prohibited. Legal permanent residents may possess. Non-immigrant visa holders generally prohibited unless exceptions apply (e.g., hunting license).

    “Who, being an alien... is illegally or unlawfully in the United States”
    18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(5)

    Can I buy from a private seller in Pennsylvania?

    Handguns (and SBRs/SBSs) MUST be transferred through an FFL or Sheriff. Long guns (rifles/shotguns) may be sold privately without a background check.

    “Any person who is not a licensed importer, manufacturer or dealer and who desires to sell or transfer a firearm to another unlicensed person shall do so only upon the place of business of a licensed importer, manufacturer, dealer or county sheriff”
    18 Pa.C.S. § 6111(c)

    What are straw purchase laws in Pennsylvania?

    Strictly prohibited. The 'Brad Fox Law' imposes mandatory minimum sentences for straw purchases.

    “Any person... who knowingly and intentionally makes any materially false... statement... commits a felony of the third degree”
    18 Pa.C.S. § 6111(g)

    Can someone with a domestic violence conviction own a gun in Pennsylvania?

    Active PFA orders requiring relinquishment prohibit possession. Federal law prohibits possession for misdemeanor crimes of domestic violence.

    “A person who is subject to an active protection from abuse order... which order provided for the relinquishment of firearms”
    18 Pa.C.S. § 6105(c)(9)

    How do background checks work in Pennsylvania?

    Pennsylvania uses PICS (Pennsylvania Instant Check System), run by the State Police, which checks federal NICS and state databases.

    “The dealer shall... request by means of a telephone call that the Pennsylvania State Police conduct a criminal history, juvenile delinquency and mental health record check”
    18 Pa.C.S. § 6111(b)

    Who is prohibited from owning firearms in Pennsylvania?

    Includes persons with 3+ DUIs in 5 years, active PFA orders, and those involuntarily committed (302) for mental health treatment.

    “A person who has been convicted of an offense enumerated in subsection (b)... regardless of the length of sentence... shall not possess... a firearm... [includes] three or more convictions for driving under the influence of alcohol or controlled substance within the five-year period”
    18 Pa.C.S. § 6105

    Who is prohibited from owning firearms under federal law?

    Felons, fugitives, unlawful users of controlled substances, those adjudicated as mental defectives, illegal aliens, dishonorably discharged veterans, and those subject to certain restraining orders.

    “It shall be unlawful for any person... who has been convicted in any court of, a crime punishable by imprisonment for a term exceeding one year... to ship or transport in interstate or foreign commerce, or possess in or affecting commerce, any firearm or ammunition”
    18 U.S.C. § 922(g)
    Buying & Acquiring FirearmsHow to purchase, waiting periods, background checks

    What is the minimum age to buy a gun in Pennsylvania?

    18 for long guns. 21 for handguns from FFL. Possession of handgun 18-20 is legal, but purchase from FFL is restricted by federal law.

    “A person under 18 years of age shall not possess or transport a firearm anywhere in this Commonwealth... [exceptions for hunting/supervision]”
    18 Pa.C.S. § 6110.1

    Is there a waiting period to buy a gun in Pennsylvania?

    No statutory waiting period.

    “No waiting period specified in statute; PICS check is instant.”
    18 Pa.C.S. § 6111

    Does Pennsylvania have a handgun roster?

    No handgun roster.

    “No roster statute found.”
    18 Pa.C.S. Chapter 61

    Do I need a permit to buy a gun in Pennsylvania?

    No permit required to purchase.

    “No permit to purchase statute found.”
    18 Pa.C.S. Chapter 61
    Not Required

    Can I buy a gun online in Pennsylvania?

    Legal, but must ship to FFL for transfer.

    “Unlawful... to ship, transport, or receive any firearm in interstate or foreign commerce”
    18 U.S.C. § 922(a)(2)
    Legal

    Are there gun purchase limits in Pennsylvania?

    No limit on number of firearms purchased.

    “No purchase frequency limit found.”
    18 Pa.C.S. Chapter 61

    Are there ammunition restrictions in Pennsylvania?

    No state limits on quantity or type (other than armor-piercing handgun ammo per federal law).

    “No ammunition quantity limits found in statute.”
    18 Pa.C.S. Chapter 61

    Can I buy a gun out of state in Pennsylvania?

    Long guns can be purchased in any state if legal in both. Handguns must be shipped to a PA FFL.

    “Sale or delivery... to any person who the licensee knows... does not reside in... the State in which the licensee's place of business is located”
    18 U.S.C. § 922(b)(3)

    Do I need a background check to buy ammo in Pennsylvania?

    No background check for ammunition.

    “No ammunition background check statute found.”
    18 Pa.C.S. Chapter 61
    Not Required
    Self-DefenseCastle doctrine, stand your ground, duty to retreat

    Does Pennsylvania have a castle doctrine?

    Pennsylvania has a castle doctrine law that includes a presumption of reasonable fear and removes the duty to retreat within one's dwelling, residence, occupied vehicle, or place of work.

    “unlawfully and forcefully entered, a dwelling, residence or occupied vehicle”
    Pa.C.S. § 505

    Is there a duty to retreat before using force in Pennsylvania?

    Pennsylvania imposes a duty to retreat before using deadly force if the actor can do so with complete safety, except when in their dwelling, residence, occupied vehicle, or place of work.

    “actor knows that he can avoid... with complete safety by retreating”
    Pa.C.S. § 505

    Does Pennsylvania have a stand your ground law?

    Pennsylvania does not have a general stand your ground law that removes the duty to retreat in public places.

    “actor knows that he can avoid... with complete safety by retreating”
    Pa.C.S. § 505

    Court Cases

    Key legal decisions and active litigation affecting Pennsylvania gun laws

    Range v. Attorney General

    21-2835

    Decided - cannot disarm nonviolent
    Court: United States Court of Appeals for the Third CircuitDecided: December 23, 2024

    Issue: Federal felon-in-possession ban (18 U.S.C. §922(g)(1)) as applied to nonviolent misdemeanants

    The en banc Third Circuit held that Bryan Range, convicted of a food stamp fraud misdemeanor in 1995, remains among 'the people' protected by the Second Amendment and cannot be permanently disarmed. Reaffirmed after SCOTUS remand in light of Rahimi.

    Impact:

    Nonviolent misdemeanants in the 3rd Circuit may not be categorically disarmed under §922(g)(1). Strong candidate for eventual SCOTUS review on scope of prohibited persons.

    View Case

    Lara v. Commissioner PA State Police

    21-1832

    Decided - 18-20 ban struck down
    Court: United States Court of Appeals for the Third CircuitDecided: January 1, 2025

    Issue: Pennsylvania laws preventing 18-20 year olds from openly carrying loaded firearms during declared states of emergency

    The Third Circuit twice struck down Pennsylvania's ban on 18-20 year olds carrying firearms. After SCOTUS remand in light of Rahimi, the court reaffirmed that the Second Amendment presumptively encompasses all adult Americans including 18-20 year olds.

    Impact:

    18-20 year olds in Pennsylvania retain the right to openly carry firearms. Strengthens the circuit split on age-based restrictions.

    View Case

    Court rulings can change quickly. Always verify current status before relying on these cases.

    Compare with Other States

    See how Pennsylvania's laws compare to neighboring states

    Go to Comparison Tool

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