From Bolt Action Lee to LMG: The Charlton Automatic Rifle

Published on July 26, 2019
Duration: 19:41

The Charlton Automatic Rifle was a unique WWII-era conversion of obsolete Lee-Enfield and Lee-Metford bolt-action rifles into light machine guns for the New Zealand Home Guard. Despite successful trials and a contract for 1,500 units, production challenges and a post-war fire made surviving examples extremely rare. The conversion featured an external gas system, cooling fins, and a scroll cam mechanism to operate the bolt, allowing for select-fire capability.

Quick Summary

The Charlton Automatic Rifle was a WWII conversion of Lee-Enfield bolt-action rifles into light machine guns for the New Zealand Home Guard. It featured an external gas system and a scroll cam mechanism to enable select-fire capability, but surviving examples are extremely rare due to a post-war fire.

Chapters

  1. 00:00Introduction: The Charlton Automatic Rifle
  2. 01:31Prototype and Military Trials
  3. 03:08Conversion of Obsolete Rifles
  4. 04:35Gas System and Cooling Fins
  5. 05:47Bolt and Scroll Cam Mechanism
  6. 08:16Controls and Ergonomics
  7. 09:20Magazine Compatibility
  8. 11:43Disassembly and Internal Modifications
  9. 16:54Historical Significance and Rarity

Frequently Asked Questions

What was the Charlton Automatic Rifle?

The Charlton Automatic Rifle was a World War II-era conversion of obsolete Lee-Enfield and Lee-Metford bolt-action rifles into light machine guns. It was developed for the New Zealand Home Guard by Philip Charlton and Maurice Field.

How did the Charlton Automatic Rifle convert a bolt-action to automatic fire?

The conversion utilized an external gas piston system. A key component was a scroll cam mechanism that translated the piston's linear motion into the rotary motion required to unlock the Lee bolt for automatic cycling.

Why are Charlton Automatic Rifles so rare today?

Most Charlton Automatic Rifles were destroyed in a post-war warehouse fire. This event, combined with limited production, makes surviving examples exceptionally rare, primarily found in museums in Australia and New Zealand.

What base rifles were used for the Charlton Automatic Rifle conversion?

The Charlton was primarily converted from obsolete 'Long Lee' and Lee-Metford rifles manufactured between 1889 and 1903. Modern SMLE No. 1 Mk III rifles were not used for this conversion.

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