One Shot Stops? Marshall–Sanow Data and What It Really Means

Published on January 24, 2026
Duration: 27:32

This video critically examines the Marshall-Sanow 'one-shot stop' data, highlighting its limitations and the importance of understanding parameters like sample size and the definition of a 'stop.' It emphasizes that while certain calibers show high percentages, bullet type (expanding/fragmenting) and shot placement are more crucial. The analysis concludes that shooter proficiency in delivering multiple accurate shots is a more reliable indicator of effectiveness than relying on single-shot stop statistics.

Quick Summary

The Marshall-Sanow 'one-shot stop' data has limitations, including sample size variations and a definition that may be psychological. Key factors for effectiveness are expanding or fragmenting bullets and the shooter's ability to deliver multiple accurate follow-up shots, which significantly increases incapacitation probability.

Chapters

  1. 00:00Introduction to Marshall–Sanow Data
  2. 01:05Data Limitations and Parameters
  3. 03:31Chuck Hawks Handgun Cartridge Power Chart
  4. 06:37Analyzing Caliber Performance
  5. 12:06Key Observations: Bullet Type and Energy
  6. 13:35The Math of Follow-up Shots
  7. 15:58Conclusion and Practical Advice

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the main limitations of the Marshall-Sanow 'one-shot stop' data?

The Marshall-Sanow data has limitations including inconsistent sample sizes for obscure rounds and a definition of 'stop' that might be psychological rather than physiological incapacitation. It's crucial to understand these parameters before drawing conclusions about cartridge effectiveness.

How do bullet types affect 'one-shot stop' percentages?

Expanding bullets significantly outperform non-expanding rounds like FMJ. Fragmenting rounds also tend to show very high 'one-shot stop' percentages, indicating that bullet design plays a critical role in terminal ballistics.

Is there a point of diminishing returns for handgun 'stopping power'?

Yes, analysis suggests a diminishing return on 'stopping power' once a handgun round's muzzle energy exceeds approximately 400 foot-pounds. Beyond this threshold, increases in energy yield less significant improvements in effectiveness.

Why are follow-up shots important in defensive shooting?

Follow-up shots are critical because they dramatically increase the probability of incapacitation. Using binomial probability, two accurate hits from a common caliber like 9mm can theoretically increase effectiveness from around 84% to 97%.

More from The Gun Dungeon

View all →