Shotgun Gauge Explained | Why it's called a "12" Gauge

Published on February 4, 2023
Duration: 0:39

This guide explains the historical origins and practical application of shotgun gauges, differentiating them from standard calibers. It clarifies that gauge is determined by the number of lead balls per pound, leading to smaller bore diameters with higher gauge numbers. The .410 bore is highlighted as a unique caliber measurement. Instruction is provided by CajunBoyJake, who demonstrates expertise through clear explanations and visual aids.

Quick Summary

Shotgun gauge is a historical measurement based on the number of lead balls per pound that fit the bore diameter. A higher gauge number, like 20, indicates a smaller bore than a lower number, like 12. The .410 is an exception, measured directly by its .410-inch caliber diameter.

Chapters

  1. 00:00Introduction to Shotgun Gauges
  2. 00:05Caliber vs. Gauge Explained
  3. 00:14The History of Shotgun Gauge
  4. 00:23Gauge Sizing Logic Explained
  5. 00:29The .410 Bore Exception

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a shotgun gauge?

A shotgun gauge is a historical measurement system for bore diameter, based on how many lead balls of that diameter would weigh one pound. For instance, 12 gauge means 12 lead balls per pound, resulting in a specific bore size.

Why does a higher shotgun gauge number mean a smaller barrel?

Because gauge is determined by the number of lead balls per pound, a larger number of balls (e.g., 20) means each ball must be smaller to fit 12 into a pound, thus resulting in a smaller barrel diameter.

Is a .410 shotgun a gauge or a caliber?

A .410 shotgun is technically a caliber. Unlike gauges, its measurement refers directly to its bore diameter, which is 0.410 inches.

How do shotgun gauges differ from calibers?

Caliber is a direct measurement of barrel diameter (e.g., .308 inches). Gauge is an historical, inverse measurement based on lead balls per pound; a higher gauge number means a smaller bore diameter.

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