How Does it Work: Open Bolt vs Closed Bolt Firearms

Published on January 3, 2019
Duration: 4:36

This video explains the fundamental differences between open bolt and closed bolt firearm actions. Open bolt systems keep the bolt rearward until firing, offering advantages like better cooling and preventing cook-offs, making them common in machine guns. Closed bolt systems have the bolt forward with a round chambered, generally providing superior accuracy due to less moving mass during the firing cycle. The video also touches on manufacturing simplicity and historical ATF regulations regarding open bolt designs in the US.

Quick Summary

Open bolt firearms keep the bolt rearward until firing, moving forward to chamber and fire. This design prevents cook-offs and aids cooling, common in machine guns. Closed bolt systems have the bolt forward, offering greater accuracy due to minimal movement during firing.

Chapters

  1. 00:00Open Bolt Definition
  2. 00:21Closed Bolt Definition
  3. 00:33Action and Firing Modes
  4. 01:14Advantages of Open Bolt Systems
  5. 02:17Accuracy and Closed Bolt Advantages
  6. 03:11Manufacturing and Legal Status

Frequently Asked Questions

What is an open bolt firearm?

An open bolt firearm is one where the bolt remains in the rearward position until the trigger is pulled. Upon firing, the bolt moves forward, strips a cartridge, chambers it, and fires immediately.

What is a closed bolt firearm?

In a closed bolt system, the bolt is already forward with a round chambered when the trigger is pulled. Only the hammer or striker moves to initiate firing, making it generally more accurate.

Why are open bolt systems used in machine guns?

Open bolt designs are common in machine guns because they prevent 'cook-offs' (spontaneous ignition) and allow better cooling airflow by keeping the chamber empty between firing bursts.

Are open bolt guns less accurate than closed bolt guns?

Yes, closed bolt firearms are generally more accurate. In open bolt guns, the mass of the bolt moving forward before firing can shift the shooter's aim, whereas closed bolts only move a small hammer or striker.

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