British .303 Browning Mk II* Aircraft Machine Gun

Published on October 19, 2021
Duration: 20:36

This review details the British .303 Browning Mk II* aircraft machine gun, a vital WWII aviation weapon. Key insights include its open-bolt conversion to prevent cordite cook-offs, the development from ground guns to achieve higher rates of fire, and a significant production error involving incorrect drawings. The gun's unique features, like the finned muzzle booster and reversible feed, are also highlighted.

Quick Summary

The British .303 Browning Mk II* aircraft machine gun was converted to an open-bolt system to prevent dangerous 'cook-offs' from cordite ammunition. Its rate of fire was increased to 800-900 rpm by lightening parts and using stronger springs. A significant production error involved incorrect drawings supplied by Colt, causing parts compatibility issues.

Chapters

  1. 00:00Introduction: British .303 Browning Mk II*
  2. 01:21Development: From Ground Gun to Aircraft
  3. 03:31The Cook-off Problem & Open-Bolt Solution
  4. 07:47Specific Gun Features & Modifications
  5. 09:51Receiver Markings & Production History
  6. 11:04Synchronization and Mechanical Versatility
  7. 14:04Muzzle Device Evolution: Mk III Booster
  8. 18:13The Drawing Tolerance Error

Frequently Asked Questions

Why was the British .303 Browning Mk II* converted to an open-bolt system?

The conversion to an open-bolt system was a critical safety measure to prevent 'cook-offs.' This issue arose with cordite-loaded .303 ammunition, which could ignite prematurely in a hot chamber when the bolt was closed, leading to dangerous explosions.

What modifications increased the rate of fire for the .303 Browning Mk II* aircraft gun?

Colt engineers lightened the working parts of the original ground gun design and incorporated heavier recoil springs. These changes allowed the aircraft variant to achieve a significantly higher rate of fire, between 800 and 900 rounds per minute.

What was the 'drawing tolerance error' that affected the production of the .303 Browning Mk II*?

Colt mistakenly supplied 'inspection drawings' with wider tolerances to British manufacturers instead of the precise 'machinist drawings.' This error led to difficulties in parts compatibility and manufacturing accuracy for the Mk II* guns produced in the UK.

What is the function of the Mk III muzzle booster on the .303 Browning Mk II*?

The finned Mk III muzzle booster is essential for the gun's short-recoil operation. It harnesses muzzle gas pressure to reliably cycle the action, ensuring consistent firing for up to 6,000 rounds, and features a removable plate for easier cleaning of powder fouling.

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