Civil War Smith Carbine and its Rubber Cartridges

Published on November 22, 2019
Duration: 9:56

The Smith Carbine was a popular breech-loading firearm for Union cavalry during the Civil War, designed by Gilbert Smith and produced by multiple manufacturers. Its innovative India rubber cartridge provided effective breech sealing (obturation). Over 31,000 units were delivered, and many survive today due to post-war surplus sales.

Quick Summary

The Civil War Smith Carbine featured a unique India rubber cartridge that expanded upon firing to seal the breech (obturation), ensuring reliable breech-loading performance for Union cavalry. Designed by Gilbert Smith, over 31,000 were produced.

Chapters

  1. 00:00Introduction to the Smith Carbine
  2. 01:15Gilbert Smith and Early Patents
  3. 02:00Production and Sales Details
  4. 03:55Design Evolution: Sling Bars
  5. 04:31Receiver Markings and Inspection
  6. 06:06Action and Rubber Cartridges Explained
  7. 07:35Technical Specs and Ballistics
  8. 08:02Service History and Surplus

Frequently Asked Questions

What made the Smith Carbine's ammunition unique during the Civil War?

The Smith Carbine used a self-contained India rubber cartridge. Upon firing, the rubber expanded to effectively seal the breech (obturation), preventing gas leakage and making it a reliable breech-loader for cavalry use.

Who designed the Smith Carbine and who manufactured it?

The Smith Carbine was designed by physician Gilbert Smith, with patents secured between 1855 and 1857. Production was handled by subcontractors like the Massachusetts Arms Company, and sales were managed by Poultney & Trimble.

How many Smith Carbines were produced for the Civil War?

Over 31,000 Smith Carbines were eventually delivered to the U.S. military during the American Civil War. This made it one of the more common breech-loading carbines used by Union cavalry.

What are key identifying features of a Smith Carbine?

Look for markings on the receiver indicating 'Poultney & Trimble', 'SMITH'S PATENT JUNE 23 1857', and the specific manufacturer. Serial numbers are split across the frame and barrel, and inspector cartouches like 'JH' are found on the stock.

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