One Shot Stops? Marshall–Sanow Data and What It Really Means

Published on January 24, 2026
Duration: 27:32

This expert analysis delves into the nuances of the Marshall-Sanow data regarding 'one-shot stop' effectiveness of handgun cartridges. The speaker, demonstrating high authority in terminal ballistics, explains the limitations of the data, such as sample size inconsistencies and the definition of a 'stop.' Key takeaways emphasize that expanding bullets and adequate penetration are crucial, and that while individual cartridge performance varies, the ability to deliver multiple accurate shots quickly is paramount for effective self-defense.

Quick Summary

The Marshall-Sanow data analyzes police records for 'one-shot stop' effectiveness, defined as an attacker ceasing aggression within 10 feet after one torso hit. Key limitations include sample size issues and the definition of a 'stop.' Trends show expanding bullets outperform FMJ, fragmenting rounds are effective, and diminishing returns exist beyond 400 ft-lbs of energy. Ultimately, the ability to deliver multiple accurate follow-up shots is paramount for self-defense.

Chapters

  1. 00:00Introduction to Marshall–Sanow Data
  2. 01:05Data Limitations and Parameters
  3. 03:31Chuck Hawks Handgun Cartridge Power Chart
  4. 06:37Analyzing Caliber Performance
  5. 12:06Key Observations: Bullet Type and Energy
  6. 13:35The Math of Follow-up Shots
  7. 15:58Conclusion and Practical Advice

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the Marshall-Sanow data and what does 'one-shot stop' mean?

The Marshall-Sanow data analyzes police records to determine the 'one-shot stop' percentage for handgun cartridges. A 'stop' is defined as an attacker ceasing aggression within 10 feet after one torso hit, though this can be influenced by psychological factors as much as physiological incapacitation.

What are the main limitations of the Marshall-Sanow data?

Key limitations include inconsistent sample sizes, especially for less common rounds, and the subjective definition of a 'stop.' The data primarily reflects torso hits and doesn't account for shot placement outside this area or the attacker's intent.

What are the key trends identified in handgun cartridge performance?

Three main trends are: expanding bullets significantly outperform FMJ, fragmenting rounds often show high stop percentages, and there's a diminishing return on 'stopping power' beyond roughly 400 ft-lbs of muzzle energy.

How important are follow-up shots according to this analysis?

The analysis emphasizes that follow-up shots are crucial. Even a cartridge with a high theoretical one-shot stop rate becomes significantly more effective when two comparable hits are delivered, suggesting training should prioritize rapid, accurate successive shots.

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