First Focal Plane vs Second Focal Plane Rifle Scopes

Published on March 23, 2022
Duration: 12:32

This guide breaks down the differences between First Focal Plane (FFP) and Second Focal Plane (SFP) rifle scopes, as explained by an experienced firearms instructor. It covers how reticle size changes with magnification, the accuracy of subtensions at different zoom levels, and provides recommendations based on shooting distance and application, from long-range competition to close-quarters hunting.

Quick Summary

First Focal Plane (FFP) rifle scopes have reticles placed in front of the magnification lens, causing the reticle to scale with zoom and maintain accurate subtensions at all magnifications. Second Focal Plane (SFP) scopes have reticles behind the lens, so they stay a constant size, making subtensions accurate only at a specific magnification. FFP is preferred for long-range accuracy, while SFP can be simpler and better for short-range hunting.

Chapters

  1. 00:00Introduction to FFP vs SFP
  2. 00:30The Mnemonic: First Fatter, Second Stays
  3. 01:30SFP Subtension Issues
  4. 02:36Practical Adjustments: Elevation and Windage
  5. 04:11Manufacturing and Cost
  6. 05:28Reticle Visibility Pros and Cons
  7. 08:55Recommendations by Shooting Distance

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the main difference between First Focal Plane (FFP) and Second Focal Plane (SFP) rifle scopes?

The primary difference lies in reticle placement. In FFP scopes, the reticle is in front of the magnification lens, so it scales with zoom, keeping subtensions accurate. In SFP scopes, the reticle is behind the lens and stays the same size, making subtensions accurate only at one specific magnification.

When should I choose an FFP scope over an SFP scope?

FFP scopes are ideal for long-range shooting (over 300 yards) and competitive disciplines like PRS or NRL Hunter, where consistent reticle subtensions across all magnifications are crucial for accurate holdovers. They offer superior accuracy for windage adjustments at distance.

Are FFP scopes always better than SFP scopes?

Not necessarily. SFP scopes are often simpler, less expensive, and their reticles can be easier to see at lower magnifications, making them a good choice for short-range hunting (under 150 yards) where precise subtension use is less critical.

Why are FFP scopes generally more expensive than SFP scopes?

FFP scopes are more complex and costly to manufacture because the reticle must be precisely positioned further forward in the optical system, where the image is smaller. This often requires more intricate manufacturing processes like glass etching.

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